What are the nursing diagnosis methods for poliomyelitis?

Poliomyelitis, also known as poliomyelitis, is an acute infectious disease caused by the polio virus. The main clinical manifestations include fever, sore throat and limb pain. Some patients may develop flaccid paralysis. During epidemics, there are many cases of latent infection and no paralysis. The incidence rate in children is higher than that in adults. Before universal vaccination, infants and young children were particularly prone to the disease, so it is also called poliomyelitis. So what are the nursing diagnosis methods for polio? Let's introduce them in detail below.

How to care for polio?

1. Polio care: Eat nutritious and easily digestible food, such as egg custard, noodle soup, millet porridge, minced meat porridge, etc. Eat some fruits and vegetables.

2. Perform active and passive exercises immediately after the pain disappears to avoid bone deformity. Correct posture: The patient's body should be in a straight line when lying in bed.

3. Turn the child over and change his position to keep the skin clean and hygienic to prevent bedsores. This is also the care method for polio.

4. When lying in bed, use a footrest to keep your feet and calves at a correct angle to facilitate functional recovery.

5. The common nursing method for polio is bed rest. The patient should stay in bed until the fever subsides for 1 week and then avoid physical activities for at least 2 weeks.

6. The sick children must be isolated and treated for at least 40 days and must not come into contact with healthy children. This is the care method for polio.

7. Hot water baths are also effective, especially for young children, and can be used in combination with analgesics to have a synergistic effect; slight passive movements can prevent deformities. Symptomatic treatment can use antipyretics, analgesics, and sedatives to relieve systemic muscle spasms and pain; apply hot compresses every 2 to 4 hours for 15 to 30 minutes each time.

8. Polio care should also pay attention to proper nutrition, and children should be given a nutritious diet and plenty of water.

Poliomyelitis diagnosis

1. Cerebrospinal fluid: Most of them are abnormal before paralysis. The appearance is slightly turbid, the pressure is slightly increased, the number of cells is slightly increased (25-500/mm3), neutrophils are more in the early stage, and mononuclear cells are mainly in the later stage. After the fever subsides, it quickly returns to normal. Sugar may increase slightly, chloride is mostly normal, protein increases slightly, and lasts for a long time. In a few patients, the cerebrospinal fluid can always be normal.

2. Peripheral blood picture: Most white blood cells are normal, but may increase in the early stage and secondary infection, mainly neutrophils, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases in the acute stage

Poliomyelitis diagnosis

3. Virus isolation or antigen detection: Within 1 week of onset, the virus can be isolated from the nasopharynx and feces. The feces can remain positive for 2 to 3 weeks. Early isolation of the virus from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid is more significant. Tissue culture isolation is generally used. In recent years, PCR has been used to detect enterovirus RNA, which is faster and more sensitive than tissue culture.

4. Serological examination: The titer of specific immune antibodies can reach a peak at the end of the first week, especially the specific IgM which rises faster than IgG. Neutralization test, complement fixation test and enzyme labeling can be used to detect specific antibodies. Among them, neutralization test is more commonly used because its positive period is longer. A 4-fold or more increase in the titer of two sera can be confirmed. The complement fixation test turns negative quickly. If it is negative as expected and the neutralization test is positive, it often indicates a past infection; if both are positive, it indicates a recent infection. Recently, the use of immunofluorescence technology to detect antigens and specific IgM monoclonal antibody enzyme labeling method has contributed to early diagnosis.

Through the above introduction to the nursing diagnosis methods of polio, I wonder if you have a better understanding of polio? I hope the above content can be helpful to you, and I also hope that polio patients can be full of confidence in life.