What to do if the ductus arteriosus of the newborn is patent

Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital heart disease that usually requires medication, surgery, or close observation depending on the specific situation. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are key, and treatment methods include medication to promote ductus closure, minimally invasive surgery, or open-chest surgery.

1. Causes of patent ductus arteriosus in newborns

The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta during the fetal period. Normally, it closes within a few hours to a few days after birth. The reasons for the patent ductus arteriosus may be related to genetics, premature birth, maternal infection during pregnancy, or medication use. Delayed closure of the ductus is more common in premature infants due to incomplete development. Maternal infection with rubella or use of certain medications during pregnancy may also increase the risk.

2. Treatment methods

1. Drug treatment

For premature infants or newborns with mild symptoms, doctors may use drugs such as indomethacin or ibuprofen to help the ductus close. These drugs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which help the ductus shrink and close. Drug treatment is usually most effective when it is started early in life.

2Minimally invasive surgery

If drug treatment is ineffective or the child is not suitable for medication, minimally invasive surgery such as catheter occlusion can be used. The doctor inserts a catheter through the femoral vein and sends the occluder to the unclosed ductus arteriosus to block blood flow. This method is less invasive and has a quick recovery, and is suitable for most children.

3. Open chest surgery

For complex cases or situations where minimally invasive surgery is not feasible, open-chest surgery may be required to directly ligate or cut the patent ductus. Although open-chest surgery is more traumatic, it is effective and is suitable for children with severe symptoms or other heart malformations.

3. Daily care and observation

Parents need to closely observe the newborn's breathing, heartbeat and feeding, and regularly follow up on heart function. Avoid infection, keep the environment clean, and follow up as directed by the doctor. For premature babies, special attention should be paid to nutritional support to promote overall development.

The prognosis of patent ductus arteriosus in newborns is usually good, and early intervention can effectively improve symptoms. Parents should actively cooperate with doctors in treatment, pay attention to the growth and development of the child, and regularly check heart function to ensure healthy growth.