What are the methods of nursing diagnosis for poliomyelitis?

Polio is an acute infectious disease, but since the disease has already occurred, we parents should not be too pessimistic and disappointed. Only by facing it positively and doing a good job in treatment can we speed up the relief of the disease. Therefore, parents must first learn how to nurse and diagnose polio. So, what are the methods of nursing diagnosis of polio? The following is a detailed introduction for everyone, I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

1. Parents can guide children to do active contraction exercises of the recovering paralyzed muscles, assist exercise, or use the method of hanging limbs or exercising in water to do load-reducing exercise exercises. During exercise, it is necessary to prevent the substitution of normal muscles. Limbs with unbalanced muscle strength can be kept in functional positions with plastic boards and assistive devices to prevent bone and joint deformities.

2. During the nursing process, parents should try to keep the child's joints in a functional position. The child's ankle joint can be kept in a 90-degree neutral position to prevent the child's foot from dropping, the knee joint can be kept in an extended position, the hip joint can be kept in an extended neutral position to avoid flexion, eversion, and external rotation, and the wrist joint can be prevented from flexion and sagging.

3. Patients with polio should eat nutritious and easily digestible food, such as egg custard, noodle soup, millet porridge, minced meat porridge, etc. Eat some fruits and vegetables.

4. In addition, parents can also use sand bags, splints, auxiliary braces, etc. according to the specific situation. For those with obvious deformities, plaster or traction can be used for correction, and then auxiliary devices can be used to keep the affected limb in a functional position.

5. Rest in bed and keep the airway open. Take the right side lying position to facilitate sputum drainage. This is also one of the nursing measures for polio. The nursing bed for polio should be soft, the quilt should be light, the child's limbs should be slightly bent, and a small pillow or air bag can be placed underneath. Turn the child over and change the position, keep the skin clean and hygienic, and prevent bedsores. This is also a nursing method for polio.

6. When lying in bed, use a footrest to keep the feet and calves at a correct angle to facilitate functional recovery. The common nursing method for polio is bed rest. The patient should stay in bed until the fever subsides for 1 week, and then avoid physical activities for at least 2 weeks.

7. Hot water baths are also effective, especially for young children. They can be used in combination with analgesics to have a synergistic effect. Mild passive exercise can prevent deformities. Symptomatic treatment can use antipyretic analgesics and sedatives to relieve systemic muscle spasms and pain. Apply hot compresses every 2 to 4 hours for 15 to 30 minutes each time. These are common polio care methods.

Poliomyelitis diagnosis

1. Cerebrospinal fluid: Most of them are abnormal before paralysis. The appearance is slightly turbid, the pressure is slightly increased, the number of cells is slightly increased (25-500/mm3), neutrophils are more in the early stage, and mononuclear cells are mainly in the later stage. After the fever subsides, it quickly returns to normal. Sugar may increase slightly, chloride is mostly normal, protein increases slightly, and lasts for a long time. In a few patients, the cerebrospinal fluid can always be normal.

2. Peripheral blood picture: Most white blood cells are normal, but may increase in the early stage and secondary infection, mainly neutrophils, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases in the acute stage

3. Virus isolation or antigen detection: Within 1 week of onset, the virus can be isolated from the nasopharynx and feces. The feces can remain positive for 2 to 3 weeks. Early isolation of the virus from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid is more significant. Tissue culture isolation is generally used. In recent years, PCR has been used to detect enterovirus RNA, which is faster and more sensitive than tissue culture.

4. Serological examination: The titer of specific immune antibodies can reach a peak at the end of the first week, especially the specific IgM which rises faster than IgG. Neutralization test, complement fixation test and enzyme labeling can be used to detect specific antibodies. Among them, neutralization test is more commonly used because its positive period is longer. A 4-fold or more increase in the titer of two sera can be confirmed. The complement fixation test turns negative quickly. If it is negative as expected and the neutralization test is positive, it often indicates a past infection; if both are positive, it indicates a recent infection. Recently, the use of immunofluorescence technology to detect antigens and specific IgM monoclonal antibody enzyme labeling method has contributed to early diagnosis.

This is all we have to say about the nursing diagnosis methods for polio. I believe our editor has introduced them in great detail. We hope that parents can pay attention to the care of polio. These nursing measures will play a vital role in alleviating polio.