What are the methods to prevent chronic poliomyelitis?

It takes a long time for a child to grow from birth to adulthood. During this process, the child is bound to develop various diseases. Currently, more children have symptoms of polio, which causes serious harm to the children and affects their growth and development. So what are the methods to prevent chronic polio?

(I) Auto-immunity. The earliest vaccine used was the inactivated polio vaccine (Salk vaccine), which has a definite effect in protecting susceptible people after intramuscular injection, and because it does not contain live vaccines, it is also very safe for immunocompromised people. Some countries have achieved remarkable results in controlling and almost eliminating polio by using inactivated vaccines alone. However, the immunity caused by inactivated vaccines is short-lived, and repeated injections are required. It does not cause local immunity, and the preparation cost is expensive. However, in recent years, the preparation has been improved. Three vaccinations in the second month, fourth month, and 12 to 18 months can make 99% of the vaccine recipients produce three types of antibodies, which can last for at least 5 years. Oral vaccination rarely causes adverse reactions, and occasionally mild fever and diarrhea.

Patients with active tuberculosis, severe rickets, chronic heart, liver, and kidney diseases, as well as those with acute fever, should not take the vaccine for the time being. There are reports that the neurotoxicity of the vaccine virus strain to monkeys can increase after repeated passage through the human intestine. In recent years, countries that have widely adopted OPV have found cases of paralysis confirmed to be caused by the vaccine virus strain, most of which occurred in immunocompromised people. Therefore, it is currently believed that attenuated live vaccines are contraindicated for immunocompromised people, whether they are congenitally immunocompromised or have secondary immunodeficiency caused by medication, infection, or tumors. Contact with people taking OPV should also be avoided. Some people also advocate that such patients should first use inactivated vaccines and then be strengthened with attenuated live vaccines, but most advocate only using inactivated vaccines.

(ii) Passive immunization: Young children who have not received the vaccine, pregnant women, medical personnel, immunocompromised people, and those who have undergone local surgery such as tonsillectomy, and those who have close contact with patients, should be given an intramuscular injection of immunoglobulin as soon as possible. The pediatric dose is 0.2-0.5 ml/kg, or 6-9 ml of placental globulin, once a day for 2 consecutive days. Immunity can last for 3-6 weeks.

(III) Isolate patients for at least 40 days from the onset of illness. In the first week, emphasis should be placed on respiratory and intestinal isolation. Excreta should be blocked and disinfected with 20% bleaching powder. Tableware should be soaked in 0.1% bleaching powder clarified solution or boiled for disinfection, or exposed to sunlight for two days. The ground should be disinfected with lime water. The hands of contacts should be soaked in 0.1% bleaching powder clarified solution or disinfected with 0.1% peracetic acid. Susceptible people who have close contact should be isolated for observation for 20 days. It is very important to do a good job of daily hygiene, regularly maintain good environmental hygiene, eliminate flies, and cultivate hygienic habits. During the epidemic period of this disease, children should avoid crowded places, avoid excessive fatigue and cold, postpone various preventive injections and non-urgent surgeries, etc., so as not to turn abortive infection into paralytic infection.

It takes a long time for a child to grow up from birth, and in this process, the child will inevitably develop various diseases. After correctly understanding the above knowledge, we can clearly understand the methods of preventing chronic poliomyelitis. Paralysis will affect the lives of many children and cause more harm to the children. Therefore, we need to know more about the above knowledge and prevent polio around children.