How to treat influenza in children? Several methods of treating influenza in children

Influenza in children

School-age children and adolescents: Present with typical cold symptoms similar to those in adults, with rapid onset.

2. (39-40)℃) Muscle aches, chills, headache, flushing, malaise, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis.

3. Type B cold: obvious eye and nose symptoms, but not obvious systemic symptoms.

White blood cell count was mostly normal without complications.

5 Children, clinical changes are greater.

6. Usually there are obvious fever, moderate rhinitis, watery nasal discharge, fever convulsions, diarrhea, otitis media, rash, etc.

7. It can cause inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.

Epidemiology

1. Source of infection: Influenza patients and latently infected people are the main sources of infection. The virus is contagious 1 to 7 days after onset, and is most contagious 2 to 3 days after onset. Animals such as pigs, cattle, and horses may spread influenza.

2. Transmission mode: mainly transmitted by air droplets, influenza virus survives in the air and contaminates daily necessities for about half an hour

3. Susceptible population: Generally susceptible, but have a certain degree of immunity after getting sick. There is no cross-immunity between different subtypes of influenza type 3 and influenza type A, and the disease can recur

4. Popular characteristics:

1) Epidemic characteristics: sudden occurrence, rapid spread, peak period of 2 to 3 weeks, high morbidity, short epidemic period of about 6 weeks to 8 weeks, often spread along transportation routes.

2) General rules: first cities, then rural areas; first collective units, then dispersed residents.

Influenza A: often causes outbreaks and even becomes popular in the world, about 2~ According to the analysis of the four pandemics that have occurred in the world, a small epidemic occurs every three years, generally 10~ a pandemic occurs in 15 years.

Influenza B has broken out or is spreading in a small epidemic, and influenza C has been sporadic.

3) Epidemic season: It can occur in all seasons, but mainly in winter and spring. In the south, influenza epidemics can also occur in summer and autumn.

Treatment

(I) General symptomatic treatment

Rest in bed, drink plenty of water, give liquid or liquid diet, suitable nutrition, supplement vitamins, gargle with warm water or warm salt water, keep the mouth and nose clean, and take anti-infection treatment if systemic symptoms are obvious.

2. Early application of antiviral therapy

1. It can reduce viral detoxification, inhibit viral replication, reduce clinical symptoms, and prevent the virus from spreading to the lower respiratory tract, leading to complications such as pneumonia.

2. Medication

1) Amantadine M2 ion blocker can block the adsorption of viruses to sensitive cells, inhibit virus replication, and is effective against influenza A. The effect is good if taken within h. Side effects: dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia and other neurological symptoms.

2) Methylamantadine dosage: 100-2000 mg/day, usage: oral twice, antiviral activity is 2-4 times higher than amantadine, and has fewer side effects on the nervous system.

3. Note: Pregnant women, people with neurological or mental disorders, or people with severe liver and kidney damage are prohibited from using these two drugs, as these two drugs are prone to drug resistance.

(3) Prevent and control various complications

(IV) Treatment with Chinese medicine

Precautions

(1) Control and treat the source of infection

Early detection, early reporting, early isolation, and early treatment

Respiratory tract isolation for 1 week or disappearance of main symptoms

(II) Cutting off transmission routes

1. During the epidemic, avoid gatherings or group entertainment activities. The elderly, children, people with diseases, people with disabilities and susceptible people should avoid going to public places, pay attention to ventilation, and disinfect public places when necessary.

2. Medical staff wear masks and wash hands to prevent cross infection

3. Patients’ utensils and secretions should be thoroughly disinfected

3. Vaccine prevention

Inactivated vaccine: good effect, the target population is the elderly, children, patients with severe chronic diseases, people with low immunity, and people who may have close contact with patients; vaccination time is from October to mid-November each year, once a year, effective antibodies can be produced in 2 weeks. The following situations are prohibited: allergic to eggs; acute infectious diseases, mental illness, early pregnancy, infants under 6 months old

Live attenuated vaccine: Nasal spray

4. Drug prevention

Amantadine 100 mg/oral is used for susceptible people who may be infected but have not yet developed the disease, twice a day, for 10-14 days; it has a certain preventive effect on influenza A, but is ineffective against influenza B.

Several common measures to prevent influenza: 1. Open windows frequently to keep the air fresh. 2. Avoid crowded public places to avoid influenza virus infection. 3. Strengthen outdoor physical exercise to improve the body's disease resistance. 4. The weather in autumn and winter is changeable, so pay attention to adding or removing clothes. 5. Drink more boiled water and eat more light food. 6. Get a flu shot.