Introduction to common diagnostic methods for Kawasaki disease

Many friends are familiar with Kawasaki disease. If not treated in time, it will bring serious harm. Therefore, everyone should learn more about disease knowledge in daily life, which can help themselves stay away from the threat of many diseases. The following is an introduction to common diagnostic methods for Kawasaki disease. I hope it will be of some help to everyone.

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In the acute phase, the total number of white blood cells and the percentage of granulocytes increase, and the nuclei shift to the left. Mild anemia can be seen in more than half of the patients. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases significantly, reaching more than 100 mm in the first hour. Serum protein electrophoresis shows an increase in globulin, especially a significant increase in α2 globulin. Albumin decreases. IgG, IgA, and IgA increase. Platelets begin to increase in the second week. The blood is in a hypercoagulable state, and the titer of antistreptolysin O is normal. Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear bodies are both negative. C-reactive protein increases. Serum complement is normal or slightly high. Urine sediment can show leukocytosis and/or proteinuria. Electrocardiograms can show a variety of changes, with ST segment and T wave abnormalities being the most common, and can also show prolonged PR and QR intervals, abnormal Q waves, and arrhythmias. Two-dimensional echocardiography is suitable for cardiac examination and long-term follow-up. Various cardiovascular lesions such as pericardial effusion, left ventricular enlargement, mitral valve insufficiency, and coronary artery dilatation or aneurysm formation can be found in half of the patients. It is best to check once a week during the acute and subacute phases of the disease. It is the most reliable non-invasive method for monitoring coronary artery aneurysms. In cases of aseptic meningitis, the lymphocyte count in the cerebrospinal fluid can be as high as 50-70/mm3. In some cases, serum bilirubin or alanine transaminase may be slightly elevated. Bacterial culture and virus isolation are both negative.

The disorder is usually diagnosed if the following criteria are met:

1. Fever: lasts for more than 5 days, and in some cases less than 5 days. Antibiotic treatment is ineffective.

2. Changes in the extremities: In the acute phase, there are hard swelling of the hands and feet, erythema on the palms (plantars) and finger (toe) ends; in the recovery phase, there is membrane-like peeling at the transitional area of ​​the nail bed skin

3. Rash: Erythema multiforme, mostly on the trunk, without blisters and scabs.

4. Conjunctival congestion of both eyes

5. Oral mucosa: red lips, bayberry tongue, diffuse congestion of oropharyngeal mucosa

6. Enlarged cervical lymph nodes are non-suppurative and have a diameter greater than 1.5 cm.