What causes jaundice in newborn babies?

Neonatal jaundice is mainly related to abnormal bilirubin metabolism, and treatment methods include phototherapy and breastfeeding adjustments. Neonatal jaundice is caused by excessive bilirubin production or insufficient liver metabolism, which leads to increased bilirubin levels in the blood, manifested as yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes.

1. Excessive bilirubin production: The life span of newborn red blood cells is short, and after they are destroyed, a large amount of bilirubin is produced, which the liver cannot process in time. This situation is more common in premature babies or babies with low birth weight.

2. Insufficient liver metabolism: The liver function of newborns is not fully developed, and the ability to bind and excrete bilirubin is weak, resulting in bilirubin accumulation in the body. This situation is more common in full-term infants.

3. Breast milk jaundice: Some breast milk contains substances that inhibit bilirubin metabolism, causing jaundice to last longer. This condition usually occurs within a week after birth and lasts for a long time but is generally harmless.

Treatments include light therapy, breastfeeding adjustments, and medication. Light therapy helps break down bilirubin by shining a specific wavelength of light on the baby's skin. Breastfeeding adjustments can reduce inhibitory substances in breast milk, and breastfeeding can be suspended for a few days if necessary. Medication includes the use of drugs such as phenobarbital to help the liver metabolize bilirubin.

Neonatal jaundice is usually harmless, but in severe cases it may lead to complications such as kernicterus. Parents should closely monitor their baby's jaundice and seek medical attention if necessary. With proper treatment and care, most neonatal jaundice can be effectively controlled in the short term.