Kidney disease characteristics

What are the characteristics of childhood kidney disease? Kidney is one of the most important organs in the human body. If there is a problem with the kidney, it will also affect the normal functioning of other organs, which will affect the normal metabolism and detoxification function of the human body. Childhood kidney disease is a common kidney disease. So what are the specific symptoms of this disease? Let me introduce it to you below.

1. Water loss or excessive water: Normal kidneys can regulate water metabolism over a wide range. Children with kidney disease are prone to water loss due to poor concentration function, nocturia, polyuria, loss of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. Due to poor kidney drainage capacity, drinking too much water or improper fluid replacement can easily lead to water retention, which manifests as edema, hypertension, heart failure, and even serious consequences such as pulmonary edema and cerebral edema.

2. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia: Due to vomiting and diarrhea, excessive sodium loss and reduced renal tubular sodium reabsorption can easily lead to hyponatremia, which manifests as fatigue and loss of appetite. In severe cases, hypotension or even coma may occur. If sodium intake is suddenly increased, water and sodium retention may occur, resulting in hypertension, edema, and heart failure.

3. Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia: Children with renal disease may suffer from oliguria, decreased potassium excretion, increased catabolism, metabolic acidosis, extracellular potassium transfer, use of potassium-retaining diuretics or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, etc., which can lead to severe hyperkalemia.

The recovery of cellular function (reabsorption of solutes and water) is relatively delayed, often taking several months to recover. A small number of patients may eventually be left with varying degrees of renal structural and functional defects.

The main reason for the occurrence of edema in nephrotic syndrome is that after a large amount of protein is lost, plasma protein decreases, which reduces the colloid osmotic pressure. Water flows out of the blood vessels and enters between tissues, causing excessive water in the tissues and causing nephrotic edema in children.

As for the characteristics of edema in children with renal disease, they are as follows: edema in children with renal disease mainly exists outside the blood vessels, that is, the interstitial fluid increases. When the volume of interstitial fluid increases by more than 5kg, clinically perceptible convex edema appears. The degree of edema is generally consistent with the degree of hypoproteinemia. In severe cases, it can cause pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion, pericardial effusion, subcutaneous edema of the neck and mediastinal effusion, and even dyspnea. Because the pressure in the pulmonary interstitium is relatively low, when the left ventricular filling pressure rises slightly, obvious pulmonary edema can be seen.

There is a clear relationship between edema in children with renal disease and body position. For example, if a child with renal disease edema has fixed edema on one lower limb that is not related to body position, deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb should be suspected. In children with renal disease edema, right-sided pleural effusion may occur simultaneously with severe ascites.

That’s all I have to say about the symptoms of children’s kidney disease today. I believe you should have a good understanding of this disease. You must not ignore this disease. If you do not receive treatment promptly, it will cause many kidney diseases. This disease will cause great pain to patients. If the disease is delayed, severe cases may lead to the occurrence of uremia, so you must receive treatment promptly.