What is Hirschsprung's disease in the newborn?

Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital digestive tract malformation caused by the loss of intestinal ganglion cells. It manifests as difficulty defecating and abdominal distension in newborns, and requires timely surgery and intestinal management treatment. Treatment methods include surgical treatment, intestinal management and nutritional support.

1

The main cause of Hirschsprung's disease is the absence or incomplete development of distal intestinal ganglion cells, which results in the inability to move the intestine normally and the inability to excrete feces. Genetic factors may play an important role in this, and some children have a family history. Environmental factors such as exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy may also increase the risk of disease. Pathological factors such as intrauterine infection or fetal hypoxia may also lead to abnormal development of ganglion cells.

2

The core of treating Hirschsprung's disease in neonates is surgical resection of the diseased intestinal segment and restoration of normal intestinal function. Common surgical procedures include Swenson's procedure, Soave's procedure and Duhamel's procedure. The specific choice should be determined according to the child's condition and the doctor's experience. Strict intestinal management is required after surgery, such as regular anal dilation and regular bowel training, to avoid postoperative complications. Nutritional support is also crucial. It is recommended to use high-calorie, easily digestible formula milk powder and gradually transition to a normal diet.

3

In daily care, parents need to closely observe the child's bowel movements and have regular follow-up visits to assess the recovery of intestinal function. Appropriate abdominal massage can help promote intestinal peristalsis and reduce abdominal distension. Gentle passive exercises, such as flexion and extension of the lower limbs, can be performed in the early postoperative period to help the intestines recover function. Psychological support should not be ignored. Parents need to maintain a positive attitude and help their children establish regular living habits.

Although Hirschsprung's disease in newborns is a congenital malformation, most children can return to normal life through timely surgery and scientific postoperative management. Parents need to pay close attention to the postoperative condition of their children and cooperate with doctors for long-term care and follow-up to ensure the healthy development of intestinal function.