What are the causes of patent ductus arteriosus in newborn babies?

The causes of patent ductus arteriosus in newborn babies include genetic factors, environmental factors, physiological factors and pathological factors. Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital heart defect, usually in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close properly during the fetal period, resulting in abnormal blood flow after birth. Treatment methods include drug therapy, surgical treatment and regular monitoring.

1. Genetic factors. Babies with a family history of congenital heart disease are more likely to have patent ductus arteriosus. Gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities may affect fetal heart development, resulting in the failure of the ductus arteriosus to close normally. Pregnant women with a family history are advised to undergo detailed prenatal examinations during pregnancy to detect and take intervention measures as early as possible.

2. Environmental factors. Exposure of the mother to harmful substances during pregnancy, such as smoking, drinking, or exposure to certain chemicals, may increase the risk of abnormal fetal heart development. Infections during pregnancy, especially rubella virus, may also lead to patent ductus arteriosus. Pregnant women should avoid exposure to harmful substances, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and have regular prenatal checkups.

3. Physiological factors. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus is higher in premature infants because their hearts are not fully developed. Low birth weight infants and certain metabolic abnormalities may also affect the normal closure of the ductus arteriosus. For premature and low birth weight infants, medical staff need to closely monitor their heart function and take medical intervention when necessary.

4. Pathological factors. Certain congenital heart diseases or other systemic diseases may be associated with patent ductus arteriosus. For example, pulmonary hypertension or certain genetic syndromes may increase the risk of patent ductus arteriosus. In response to these situations, doctors will develop personalized treatment plans based on the specific condition.

Treatment methods include medication, surgery, and regular monitoring. Common medications include indomethacin, ibuprofen, etc., which help promote the closure of the ductus arteriosus. Surgical treatment includes catheter interventional occlusion and thoracotomy, which are suitable for children who are ineffective with medication or have severe conditions. Regular monitoring, such as echocardiography, is used to evaluate the closure of the ductus arteriosus and adjust the treatment plan in a timely manner.

The causes of patent ductus arteriosus in newborn babies are complex and diverse, and require a comprehensive analysis of genetic, environmental, physiological and pathological factors. Early detection and intervention are the key to improving prognosis. Parents should pay close attention to the health of their babies, cooperate with doctors for standardized treatment and regular follow-up, and ensure that the children receive the best treatment results.