Two ways to provide good care for children. What are the causes of pathological jaundice?

Neonatal jaundice refers to a disease characterized by jaundice of the skin, mucous membranes and sclera due to abnormal bilirubin metabolism in the neonatal period. This disease can be divided into physiological and pathological. There are three major diseases that are likely to cause pathological jaundice in clinical practice.

What are the three major diseases that cause pathological jaundice?

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Neonatal hemolytic disease refers to hemolysis caused by incompatibility of blood types between mother and baby, and the main manifestation is jaundice in the newborn. In my country, neonatal hemolytic disease caused by ABO blood type incompatibility is the most common, usually the mother is type O and the child is type A or B. Rh hemolytic disease is relatively rare, most mothers are Rh negative and the child is Rh positive. Usually, ABO hemolytic disease mostly occurs in the first pregnancy, and Rh hemolytic disease mostly occurs after the second pregnancy.

The main symptom of neonatal hemolytic disease is jaundice. In addition to jaundice, there may also be anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. Rh hemolytic disease generally causes jaundice within 24 hours after birth and gradually worsens, while the symptoms of ABO hemolytic disease are milder than those of Rh hemolytic disease. The most terrifying situation of neonatal hemolytic disease is that if the jaundice worsens progressively, it may cause bilirubin encephalopathy. If it is not treated in time, the child will die soon. Even if they survive, they often have sequelae of varying degrees.

Neonatal biliary atresia

Neonatal biliary atresia is caused by viral infection in the mother, which leads to bile duct fibrosis after birth. Neonatal biliary atresia usually develops jaundice about 2 weeks after birth, and gradually worsens, and the liver also enlarges. Mothers often find an important phenomenon, that is, the baby's stool color becomes lighter and lighter, that is, from light yellow to white.

Neonatal hepatitis

Neonatal hepatitis is mostly caused by virus infection in the mother. Generally, jaundice gradually appears 1-3 weeks after birth and continues to worsen. Some children also develop jaundice again after physiological jaundice subsides. At the same time, they are accompanied by symptoms such as not liking to eat milk, vomiting, and not gaining weight. The color of stool is normal at birth, and gradually turns light yellow or grayish white, and the color of urine is dark yellow.

Nursing methods for pathological jaundice

1. Take medicine

Take your baby to the hospital to measure the jaundice index. If it is still high, the doctor will prescribe medicine to control jaundice, such as Mami Love or Yinzhihuang.

2. Blue light

If the above methods do not work, and the child has been born for one or two months and the jaundice is still severe, it is recommended to go to the hospital for a doctor's diagnosis. If it is pathological, the newborn needs to be hospitalized under the doctor's guidance and receive blue light treatment, which means placing the newborn in an incubator under blue light treatment.