What causes Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki disease is a systemic vascular inflammatory disease that mainly affects children. The specific cause is still unclear, and it may be related to genetics, immune system abnormalities, infection and other factors. Treatment is mainly based on anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and supportive therapy. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prognosis.

1. Genetic factors

Kawasaki disease may be related to genetic susceptibility. Studies have found that certain gene variants may increase the risk of disease, especially in Asian populations. Children with a family history of Kawasaki disease are at a relatively higher risk of disease. Although genetic factors cannot be changed, knowing the family history can help with early warning and screening.

2. Immune system abnormalities

The occurrence of Kawasaki disease is closely related to the overreaction of the immune system. Infection or other triggers may cause the immune system to mistakenly attack its own blood vessels, triggering systemic inflammation. This immune abnormality may be related to certain viral or bacterial infections, but the specific pathogens have not yet been identified. Drugs that regulate immune function, such as immunoglobulins and glucocorticoids, are the key to treatment.

3. Infection factors

Although the cause of Kawasaki disease has not yet been fully determined, infection is considered to be one of the important causes. Certain viral or bacterial infections may trigger abnormal responses of the immune system, leading to vascular inflammation. Common sources of infection include respiratory viruses, enteroviruses, etc. Preventing infection and enhancing immunity are important measures to reduce the risk of disease.

4. Environmental factors

Environmental factors may also play a role in the development of Kawasaki disease. For example, external environmental factors such as seasonal changes, air pollution, and exposure to chemicals may increase the risk of developing the disease. Maintaining a good living environment and avoiding exposure to harmful substances can help reduce the likelihood of developing the disease.

5. Treatment methods

The treatment of Kawasaki disease mainly includes anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory strategies.

Drug treatment: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first choice of treatment and can significantly reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. Aspirin is used for anti-inflammatory and thrombosis prevention.

Supportive care: Severe cases may require hospitalization with close monitoring of heart function and other organ status.

Long-term management: Regular follow-up cardiac ultrasound examinations to assess whether the coronary arteries are damaged and further intervention if necessary.

Although the cause of Kawasaki disease is still unclear, early diagnosis and standardized treatment can significantly improve the prognosis. Parents should pay attention to their children's health and seek medical attention in time if they find symptoms such as persistent fever and rash. Through scientific treatment and long-term management, most children can recover and avoid serious complications.