How do patients with Kawasaki disease choose to undergo relevant examinations?

How do patients with Kawasaki disease choose to undergo relevant examinations? In fact, this disease also requires timely examination and treatment. Kawasaki disease is a common disease in life. Many children have become a high-risk group for Kawasaki disease. The symptoms after the onset of the disease will affect the health of the children and bring them extremely serious harm. We need to understand the examination methods of Kawasaki disease. Next, let us learn about the relevant examination methods together.

Kawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymphadenopathy syndrome, is an acute febrile rash disease in children with systemic vasculitis as the main pathological feature. It was first reported by Japanese doctor Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1967. As the disease can cause serious cardiovascular lesions, it has attracted people's attention. With the increase in the incidence, in 1990, among the inpatients with rheumatic diseases in Beijing Children's Hospital, there were 67 cases of Kawasaki disease and 27 cases of rheumatic fever; in the same data from 11 hospitals in other provinces and cities, the number of Kawasaki disease cases was twice that of rheumatism. Obviously, Kawasaki disease has replaced rheumatic fever as one of the main causes of acquired heart disease in children in my country. It is generally believed that Kawasaki disease is an immune-mediated vasculitis and is temporarily included in the chapter on connective tissue diseases.

Diagnostic criteria:

The Japanese Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome Research Committee (1984) proposed that the diagnosis of this disease should be confirmed when at least five of the following six main clinical symptoms are met: ① Fever of unknown cause, lasting for 5 days or more; ② Bilateral conjunctival congestion; ③ Diffuse congestion of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, red and cracked lips, and bayberry tongue; ④ Hard swelling of the hands and feet and redness of the palms and soles at the early stage of the disease, and membranous peeling of the fingertips during the recovery period; ⑤ Erythema multiforme on the trunk, but without blisters and scabs; ⑥ Non-suppurative swelling of the cervical lymph nodes, with a diameter of 1.5 cm or more. However, if two-dimensional echocardiography or coronary angiography detects coronary artery aneurysm or dilatation, the diagnosis can be confirmed if four main symptoms are positive.

Incomplete or atypical cases are reported more frequently, accounting for about 10-20%. They only have 2-3 main symptoms, but have typical coronary artery lesions. They mostly occur in infants. The incidence of coronary artery aneurysms in typical cases is similar to that in atypical cases. Once Kawasaki disease is suspected, an echocardiogram should be performed as soon as possible.

Auxiliary examination:

In the acute phase, the total white blood cell count and percentage of granulocytes increase, and the nuclei shift to the left. Mild anemia can be seen in more than half of the patients. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases significantly, reaching more than 100 mm in the first hour. Serum protein electrophoresis shows an increase in globulin, especially a significant increase in α2 globulin. Albumin decreases. IgG, IgA, and IgA increase. Platelets begin to increase in the second week. The blood is in a hypercoagulable state. The antistreptococcal hemolysin O titer is normal. Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear bodies are both negative. C-reactive protein increases. Serum complement is normal or slightly high. Urine sediment shows leukocytosis and/or proteinuria. Electrocardiograms can show a variety of changes, with abnormal ST segments and T waves being the most common, and can also show prolonged PR and QR intervals, abnormal Q waves, and arrhythmias.

This is our introduction to the relevant examination methods for Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease is common and the impact is very serious. We must take Kawasaki disease seriously. After understanding the examination methods for the disease, it can help us a lot in dealing with Kawasaki disease. We must pay attention to the prevention of Kawasaki disease in our lives.