What are the drugs for treating ADHD in children?

The drugs for treating ADHD in children mainly include three categories: central nervous system stimulants, non-central nervous system stimulants and antidepressants. Specific drugs should be used under the guidance of a doctor. The choice of drugs for treating ADHD should be based on the specific situation of the child, combined with behavioral intervention and family support to achieve the best effect.

1. Central nervous system stimulants: This type of drug improves symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. Common drugs include methylphenidate such as Ritalin, amphetamines such as Adderall and dextroamphetamine. Methylphenidate is the most commonly used drug and is divided into short-acting and long-acting formulations. The long-acting formulation can reduce the number of medications and improve compliance. Amphetamines are effective, but may cause side effects such as decreased appetite and insomnia, and need to be closely monitored. Dextroamphetamine has a longer duration of action and is suitable for children who need to control symptoms throughout the day.

2. Non-central stimulants: This type of drug improves ADHD symptoms through different mechanisms and is suitable for children who are intolerant to or have poor responses to central stimulants. Commonly used drugs include atomoxetine such as Xestrazoxane and guanfacine. Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that can improve inattention and hyperactivity symptoms, has fewer side effects, and is suitable for long-term use. Guanfacine is an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist that can reduce impulsive behavior and mood swings, and is suitable for children with anxiety or emotional problems.

3. Antidepressants: This type of drug is mainly used for children with mood disorders or who do not respond well to the above drugs. Commonly used drugs include tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine. Imipramine can improve hyperactivity and impulsive behavior, but may cause side effects such as dry mouth and constipation. Fluoxetine is mainly used for children with depression or anxiety. It can improve mood and attention and has fewer side effects.

The treatment of ADHD requires a combination of medication, behavioral intervention, and family support. Drug treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and the effects and side effects should be evaluated regularly. Behavioral intervention includes cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, and school support, which can help children improve behavioral problems and social skills. Family support includes parent education and family environment adjustment, which can improve the treatment effect and quality of life of children. The treatment of ADHD requires long-term persistence, and parents and doctors should work closely to ensure that children get the best treatment effect.