What is Kawasaki disease in children?

Kawasaki disease in children is an acute febrile disease with systemic vasculitis as the main lesion. It is more common in children under 5 years old. In severe cases, it can lead to cardiac complications and requires timely medical treatment.

1. The cause of Kawasaki disease is still unclear, but it may be related to genetics, immune system abnormalities, and infectious factors. Genetic factors may make some children more sensitive to certain pathogens, and immune system abnormalities may lead to excessive inflammatory responses. Infectious factors such as viral or bacterial infections may trigger the occurrence of the disease.

2. Symptoms of Kawasaki disease include persistent high fever, rash, conjunctivitis, oral mucositis, swollen hands and feet, and swollen lymph nodes. If your child has these symptoms, especially if the high fever lasts for more than 5 days, you should see a doctor immediately. The doctor will confirm the diagnosis based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests.

3. The main goal of treating Kawasaki disease is to control inflammation and prevent cardiac complications. Drug treatment includes intravenous immunoglobulin IVIG and high-dose aspirin. IVIG can effectively reduce inflammation, and aspirin is used for anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation. For severe cases, glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressants may be needed.

4. Diet and care are also important in the recovery process of Kawasaki disease. It is recommended to give children easily digestible and nutritious foods such as porridge, soup and fresh fruits. Avoid spicy, greasy and irritating foods. Keep children well rested and hydrated, and monitor body temperature and heart function regularly.

5. Preventing the recurrence and complications of Kawasaki disease is the key. Regularly follow up with cardiac ultrasound and electrocardiogram to monitor heart function. Avoid children from contacting sources of infection and maintain good hygiene habits. Parents should pay close attention to their children's health and seek medical attention in time if any abnormality is found.

Although Kawasaki disease in children may cause serious heart complications, most children can fully recover with timely diagnosis and treatment. Parents should be vigilant, recognize symptoms early, and seek medical attention in a timely manner to ensure that their children receive the best treatment and care.