What are the drugs for treating ADHD in children?

Drugs for treating ADHD in children mainly include central nervous system stimulants, non-central nervous system stimulants and antidepressants. Specific drugs must be used under the guidance of a doctor. Therapeutic drugs are divided into three categories, each with different mechanisms of action and indications. Parents should strictly follow the doctor's instructions and combine behavioral intervention and psychotherapy.

1. Central nervous system stimulants are the first choice for treating ADHD in children. They mainly improve attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms by regulating the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. Common drugs include methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate and amphetamine. Methylphenidate is a short-acting drug, usually taken 2-3 times a day, while dexmethylphenidate is a long-acting preparation that only needs to be taken once a day. Amphetamines are also divided into long-acting and short-acting drugs. The doctor will choose the appropriate dosage form according to the specific situation of the child. This type of drug may cause side effects such as decreased appetite and insomnia, so parents need to observe closely.

2. Non-CNS stimulants are another option for patients who are intolerant to or have poor effects on stimulants. Atomoxetine is a common non-stimulant drug that works by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine. Atomoxetine is taken once a day and has relatively few side effects, but nausea, fatigue and other discomfort may occur. Guanfacine and clonidine are also non-stimulant drugs, mainly used to treat impulsive behaviors and sleep problems associated with ADHD. This type of drug usually takes a long time to show results, and parents need to be patient and cooperate with the treatment.

3. Antidepressants can also be used to treat ADHD in children under certain circumstances, especially for patients with anxiety or depression symptoms. Commonly used antidepressants include bupropion, venlafaxine and sertraline. Bupropion improves symptoms by affecting the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, while venlafaxine and sertraline work mainly by regulating serotonin levels. This type of drug usually takes several weeks to take effect, and parents need to communicate with their doctors regularly to adjust the medication plan.

Medication is an important part of the management of ADHD in children, but it is not the only means. Behavioral intervention, psychotherapy and educational support are equally important. Parents should work closely with doctors to develop personalized treatment plans to help their children better manage symptoms and improve their quality of life. Regular follow-up visits and adjustments to medication regimens are also key to ensuring treatment effectiveness. Through comprehensive treatment, most children with ADHD can achieve significant improvements and learn and live normally.