What causes congenital megacolon and how to treat it

Overview of Hirschsprung's disease: Hirschsprung's disease is caused by continuous spasm of the rectum or distal colon, which causes stool to stagnate in the proximal colon, resulting in intestinal expansion and hypertrophy. It is a common digestive tract malformation in children. The cause of this disease is not yet fully understood. Most scholars believe that it is closely related to genetics. The pathogenesis of this disease is the absence or dysfunction of ganglion cells in the distal intestinal tract, which causes the intestinal tract to be in a spasmodic and narrow state, the intestinal tract is not smooth, and the proximal intestinal tract is compensatory enlarged and the wall is thickened. This disease can sometimes be combined with other malformations. The diagnosis basis of Hirschsprung's disease: 1. If the newborn still has no meconium excretion for more than 24 hours after birth, and has "explosive" defecation and flatus after rectal examination or enema, accompanied by abdominal distension and vomiting, this disease should be suspected. 2. X-ray and barium enema: Abdominal upright plain films often show low colon obstruction. Typical spasmodic and dilated intestinal segments can be seen in the lateral and anteroposterior photos of barium enema. The barium excretion function is poor. After 24 hours, there is still barium. If the barium is not washed out by enema in time, barium stones may form. When combined with enteritis, the intestinal wall of the dilated intestinal segment is serrated. 3. Biopsy: Take rectal tissue more than 3 cm away from the dentate line of the anus. Pathological examination found abnormal proliferation of ganglion fiber bundles, but no ganglion cells. This is the gold standard for diagnosis. Nursing of congenital megacolon: 1. Keep the child's anus clean. Use saline cotton balls to clean the anus after defecation. Do not wear diapers. 2. Adhere to bowel training for several months to several years, cultivate the habit of regular bowel movements, and strive to empty the stool every time. If you have not defecate for 2 consecutive days, you can use enema to relieve constipation. 3. Adjust the type of diet to prevent diarrhea.